Muscle strains and muscle tears are common musculoskeletal injuries, most often caused by sports activities, sudden movements, excessive physical exertion or inadequate warm-up. The severity of the injury can range from a mild muscle fibre injury to a partial or complete muscle tear. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important to promote a prompt recovery and reduce the risk of persistent symptoms and recurrent injury.
Muscle strains and tears
Symptoms of Muscle Strain and Muscle Tear
A muscle strain occurs when muscle fibres are overstretched or sustain minor damage, whereas a muscle tear involves a partial or more extensive disruption of the muscle fibres.
The most common symptoms include:
- sudden onset of muscle pain,
- pain that worsens with movement or physical activity,
- tenderness of the affected muscle,
- swelling or bruising,
- muscle weakness and restricted movement,
- significant impairment of muscle function in more severe injuries.
A muscle tear is often accompanied by sudden, sharp pain at the time of injury, sometimes described as a popping or snapping sensation. More significant tears may result in a haematoma and noticeable muscle weakness.
Diagnosis
During the examination, the trauma specialist assesses the affected muscle, including its condition, tenderness, strength and function.
Where necessary, imaging may be used to determine the precise extent of the injury. Ultrasound, for example, can help identify muscle and tendon injuries, while an MRI scan may be recommended in certain cases.
Treatment Options
It is not always possible to distinguish accurately between a muscle strain and a muscle tear based on symptoms alone. Patients experiencing severe, sudden-onset pain, significant swelling or bruising, or persistent muscle weakness are therefore advised to consult a trauma specialist.
Treatment always depends on the severity of the injury and the condition of the affected muscle. In the case of a mild muscle strain, temporary rest and avoidance of activities that aggravate the injury, followed by a gradual return to physical activity, may be sufficient. Physiotherapy and therapeutic exercise may also be recommended.
Partial or complete muscle tears may require more comprehensive treatment.
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