Shoulder impingement syndrome occurs when the space above the shoulder joint becomes narrowed, which can cause repetitive friction and irritation between the rotator cuff and the bony structure above it as the arm is raised.
This process can lead to shoulder pain and inflammation and, over time, may result in restricted shoulder movement.
Symptoms typically develop gradually. Initially, patients may experience mild, dull shoulder pain, which may become more severe over time and can eventually disturb sleep at night.
A sharp pain when raising the arm above the head is characteristic, as is a gradual restriction in the shoulder’s range of motion. As a result, everyday movements, such as reaching behind the back, may become increasingly difficult or painful.
Conservative treatment is generally recommended as the first approach. This may include avoiding movements that trigger pain, physiotherapy, medication to relieve pain and inflammation, and where appropriate, injection therapy.
If symptoms persist despite conservative treatment, arthroscopic surgery may be considered. The aim of the procedure is to increase the space available for the rotator cuff, thereby relieving recurrent impingement and irritation.